--
-- TRIGGERS
--

create table pkeys (pkey1 int4 not null, pkey2 text not null);
create table fkeys (fkey1 int4, fkey2 text, fkey3 int);
create table fkeys2 (fkey21 int4, fkey22 text, pkey23 int not null);

create index fkeys_i on fkeys (fkey1, fkey2);
create index fkeys2_i on fkeys2 (fkey21, fkey22);
create index fkeys2p_i on fkeys2 (pkey23);

insert into pkeys values (10, '1');
insert into pkeys values (20, '2');
insert into pkeys values (30, '3');
insert into pkeys values (40, '4');
insert into pkeys values (50, '5');
insert into pkeys values (60, '6');
create unique index pkeys_i on pkeys (pkey1, pkey2);

--
-- For fkeys:
-- 	(fkey1, fkey2)	--> pkeys (pkey1, pkey2)
-- 	(fkey3)		--> fkeys2 (pkey23)
--
create trigger check_fkeys_pkey_exist
	before insert or update on fkeys
	for each row
	execute procedure
	check_primary_key ('fkey1', 'fkey2', 'pkeys', 'pkey1', 'pkey2');

create trigger check_fkeys_pkey2_exist
	before insert or update on fkeys
	for each row
	execute procedure check_primary_key ('fkey3', 'fkeys2', 'pkey23');

--
-- For fkeys2:
-- 	(fkey21, fkey22)	--> pkeys (pkey1, pkey2)
--
create trigger check_fkeys2_pkey_exist
	before insert or update on fkeys2
	for each row
	execute procedure
	check_primary_key ('fkey21', 'fkey22', 'pkeys', 'pkey1', 'pkey2');

-- Test comments
COMMENT ON TRIGGER check_fkeys2_pkey_bad ON fkeys2 IS 'wrong';
COMMENT ON TRIGGER check_fkeys2_pkey_exist ON fkeys2 IS 'right';
COMMENT ON TRIGGER check_fkeys2_pkey_exist ON fkeys2 IS NULL;

--
-- For pkeys:
-- 	ON DELETE/UPDATE (pkey1, pkey2) CASCADE:
-- 		fkeys (fkey1, fkey2) and fkeys2 (fkey21, fkey22)
--
create trigger check_pkeys_fkey_cascade
	before delete or update on pkeys
	for each row
	execute procedure
	check_foreign_key (2, 'cascade', 'pkey1', 'pkey2',
	'fkeys', 'fkey1', 'fkey2', 'fkeys2', 'fkey21', 'fkey22');

--
-- For fkeys2:
-- 	ON DELETE/UPDATE (pkey23) RESTRICT:
-- 		fkeys (fkey3)
--
create trigger check_fkeys2_fkey_restrict
	before delete or update on fkeys2
	for each row
	execute procedure check_foreign_key (1, 'restrict', 'pkey23', 'fkeys', 'fkey3');

insert into fkeys2 values (10, '1', 1);
insert into fkeys2 values (30, '3', 2);
insert into fkeys2 values (40, '4', 5);
insert into fkeys2 values (50, '5', 3);
-- no key in pkeys
insert into fkeys2 values (70, '5', 3);

insert into fkeys values (10, '1', 2);
insert into fkeys values (30, '3', 3);
insert into fkeys values (40, '4', 2);
insert into fkeys values (50, '5', 2);
-- no key in pkeys
insert into fkeys values (70, '5', 1);
-- no key in fkeys2
insert into fkeys values (60, '6', 4);

delete from pkeys where pkey1 = 30 and pkey2 = '3';
delete from pkeys where pkey1 = 40 and pkey2 = '4';
update pkeys set pkey1 = 7, pkey2 = '70' where pkey1 = 50 and pkey2 = '5';
update pkeys set pkey1 = 7, pkey2 = '70' where pkey1 = 10 and pkey2 = '1';

DROP TABLE pkeys;
DROP TABLE fkeys;
DROP TABLE fkeys2;

-- -- I've disabled the funny_dup17 test because the new semantics
-- -- of AFTER ROW triggers, which get now fired at the end of a
-- -- query always, cause funny_dup17 to enter an endless loop.
-- --
-- --      Jan
--
-- create table dup17 (x int4);
--
-- create trigger dup17_before
-- 	before insert on dup17
-- 	for each row
-- 	execute procedure
-- 	funny_dup17 ()
-- ;
--
-- insert into dup17 values (17);
-- select count(*) from dup17;
-- insert into dup17 values (17);
-- select count(*) from dup17;
--
-- drop trigger dup17_before on dup17;
--
-- create trigger dup17_after
-- 	after insert on dup17
-- 	for each row
-- 	execute procedure
-- 	funny_dup17 ()
-- ;
-- insert into dup17 values (13);
-- select count(*) from dup17 where x = 13;
-- insert into dup17 values (13);
-- select count(*) from dup17 where x = 13;
--
-- DROP TABLE dup17;

-- Check behavior when trigger returns unmodified trigtuple
create table trigtest (f1 int, f2 text);

create trigger trigger_return_old
	before insert or delete or update on trigtest
	for each row execute procedure trigger_return_old();

insert into trigtest values(1, 'foo');
select * from trigtest;
update trigtest set f2 = f2 || 'bar';
select * from trigtest;
delete from trigtest;
select * from trigtest;

drop table trigtest;

create sequence ttdummy_seq increment 10 start 0 minvalue 0;

create table tttest (
	price_id	int4,
	price_val	int4,
	price_on	int4,
	price_off	int4 default 999999
);

create trigger ttdummy
	before delete or update on tttest
	for each row
	execute procedure
	ttdummy (price_on, price_off);

create trigger ttserial
	before insert or update on tttest
	for each row
	execute procedure
	autoinc (price_on, ttdummy_seq);

insert into tttest values (1, 1, null);
insert into tttest values (2, 2, null);
insert into tttest values (3, 3, 0);

select * from tttest;
delete from tttest where price_id = 2;
select * from tttest;
-- what do we see ?

-- get current prices
select * from tttest where price_off = 999999;

-- change price for price_id == 3
update tttest set price_val = 30 where price_id = 3;
select * from tttest;

-- now we want to change pric_id in ALL tuples
-- this gets us not what we need
update tttest set price_id = 5 where price_id = 3;
select * from tttest;

-- restore data as before last update:
select set_ttdummy(0);
delete from tttest where price_id = 5;
update tttest set price_off = 999999 where price_val = 30;
select * from tttest;

-- and try change price_id now!
update tttest set price_id = 5 where price_id = 3;
select * from tttest;
-- isn't it what we need ?

select set_ttdummy(1);

-- we want to correct some "date"
update tttest set price_on = -1 where price_id = 1;
-- but this doesn't work

-- try in this way
select set_ttdummy(0);
update tttest set price_on = -1 where price_id = 1;
select * from tttest;
-- isn't it what we need ?

-- get price for price_id == 5 as it was @ "date" 35
select * from tttest where price_on <= 35 and price_off > 35 and price_id = 5;

drop table tttest;
drop sequence ttdummy_seq;

--
-- tests for per-statement triggers
--

CREATE TABLE log_table (tstamp timestamp default timeofday()::timestamp);

CREATE TABLE main_table (a int unique, b int);

COPY main_table (a,b) FROM stdin;
5	10
20	20
30	10
50	35
80	15
\.

CREATE FUNCTION trigger_func() RETURNS trigger LANGUAGE plpgsql AS '
BEGIN
	RAISE NOTICE ''trigger_func(%) called: action = %, when = %, level = %'', TG_ARGV[0], TG_OP, TG_WHEN, TG_LEVEL;
	RETURN NULL;
END;';

CREATE TRIGGER before_ins_stmt_trig BEFORE INSERT ON main_table
FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('before_ins_stmt');

CREATE TRIGGER after_ins_stmt_trig AFTER INSERT ON main_table
FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('after_ins_stmt');

--
-- if neither 'FOR EACH ROW' nor 'FOR EACH STATEMENT' was specified,
-- CREATE TRIGGER should default to 'FOR EACH STATEMENT'
--
CREATE TRIGGER after_upd_stmt_trig AFTER UPDATE ON main_table
EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('after_upd_stmt');

-- Both insert and update statement level triggers (before and after) should
-- fire.  Doesn't fire UPDATE before trigger, but only because one isn't
-- defined.
INSERT INTO main_table (a, b) VALUES (5, 10) ON CONFLICT (a)
  DO UPDATE SET b = EXCLUDED.b;

CREATE TRIGGER after_upd_row_trig AFTER UPDATE ON main_table
FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('after_upd_row');

INSERT INTO main_table DEFAULT VALUES;

UPDATE main_table SET a = a + 1 WHERE b < 30;
-- UPDATE that effects zero rows should still call per-statement trigger
UPDATE main_table SET a = a + 2 WHERE b > 100;

-- constraint now unneeded
ALTER TABLE main_table DROP CONSTRAINT main_table_a_key;

-- COPY should fire per-row and per-statement INSERT triggers
COPY main_table (a, b) FROM stdin;
30	40
50	60
\.

SELECT * FROM main_table ORDER BY a, b;

--
-- test triggers with WHEN clause
--

CREATE TRIGGER modified_a BEFORE UPDATE OF a ON main_table
FOR EACH ROW WHEN (OLD.a <> NEW.a) EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('modified_a');
CREATE TRIGGER modified_any BEFORE UPDATE OF a ON main_table
FOR EACH ROW WHEN (OLD.* IS DISTINCT FROM NEW.*) EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('modified_any');
CREATE TRIGGER insert_a AFTER INSERT ON main_table
FOR EACH ROW WHEN (NEW.a = 123) EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('insert_a');
CREATE TRIGGER delete_a AFTER DELETE ON main_table
FOR EACH ROW WHEN (OLD.a = 123) EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('delete_a');
CREATE TRIGGER insert_when BEFORE INSERT ON main_table
FOR EACH STATEMENT WHEN (true) EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('insert_when');
CREATE TRIGGER delete_when AFTER DELETE ON main_table
FOR EACH STATEMENT WHEN (true) EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('delete_when');
INSERT INTO main_table (a) VALUES (123), (456);
COPY main_table FROM stdin;
123	999
456	999
\.
DELETE FROM main_table WHERE a IN (123, 456);
UPDATE main_table SET a = 50, b = 60;
SELECT * FROM main_table ORDER BY a, b;
SELECT pg_get_triggerdef(oid, true) FROM pg_trigger WHERE tgrelid = 'main_table'::regclass AND tgname = 'modified_a';
SELECT pg_get_triggerdef(oid, false) FROM pg_trigger WHERE tgrelid = 'main_table'::regclass AND tgname = 'modified_a';
SELECT pg_get_triggerdef(oid, true) FROM pg_trigger WHERE tgrelid = 'main_table'::regclass AND tgname = 'modified_any';
DROP TRIGGER modified_a ON main_table;
DROP TRIGGER modified_any ON main_table;
DROP TRIGGER insert_a ON main_table;
DROP TRIGGER delete_a ON main_table;
DROP TRIGGER insert_when ON main_table;
DROP TRIGGER delete_when ON main_table;

-- Test column-level triggers
DROP TRIGGER after_upd_row_trig ON main_table;

CREATE TRIGGER before_upd_a_row_trig BEFORE UPDATE OF a ON main_table
FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('before_upd_a_row');
CREATE TRIGGER after_upd_b_row_trig AFTER UPDATE OF b ON main_table
FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('after_upd_b_row');
CREATE TRIGGER after_upd_a_b_row_trig AFTER UPDATE OF a, b ON main_table
FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('after_upd_a_b_row');

CREATE TRIGGER before_upd_a_stmt_trig BEFORE UPDATE OF a ON main_table
FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('before_upd_a_stmt');
CREATE TRIGGER after_upd_b_stmt_trig AFTER UPDATE OF b ON main_table
FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('after_upd_b_stmt');

SELECT pg_get_triggerdef(oid) FROM pg_trigger WHERE tgrelid = 'main_table'::regclass AND tgname = 'after_upd_a_b_row_trig';

UPDATE main_table SET a = 50;
UPDATE main_table SET b = 10;

--
-- Test case for bug with BEFORE trigger followed by AFTER trigger with WHEN
--

CREATE TABLE some_t (some_col boolean NOT NULL);
CREATE FUNCTION dummy_update_func() RETURNS trigger AS $$
BEGIN
  RAISE NOTICE 'dummy_update_func(%) called: action = %, old = %, new = %',
    TG_ARGV[0], TG_OP, OLD, NEW;
  RETURN NEW;
END;
$$ LANGUAGE plpgsql;
CREATE TRIGGER some_trig_before BEFORE UPDATE ON some_t FOR EACH ROW
  EXECUTE PROCEDURE dummy_update_func('before');
CREATE TRIGGER some_trig_aftera AFTER UPDATE ON some_t FOR EACH ROW
  WHEN (NOT OLD.some_col AND NEW.some_col)
  EXECUTE PROCEDURE dummy_update_func('aftera');
CREATE TRIGGER some_trig_afterb AFTER UPDATE ON some_t FOR EACH ROW
  WHEN (NOT NEW.some_col)
  EXECUTE PROCEDURE dummy_update_func('afterb');
INSERT INTO some_t VALUES (TRUE);
UPDATE some_t SET some_col = TRUE;
UPDATE some_t SET some_col = FALSE;
UPDATE some_t SET some_col = TRUE;
DROP TABLE some_t;

-- bogus cases
CREATE TRIGGER error_upd_and_col BEFORE UPDATE OR UPDATE OF a ON main_table
FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('error_upd_and_col');
CREATE TRIGGER error_upd_a_a BEFORE UPDATE OF a, a ON main_table
FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('error_upd_a_a');
CREATE TRIGGER error_ins_a BEFORE INSERT OF a ON main_table
FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('error_ins_a');
CREATE TRIGGER error_ins_when BEFORE INSERT OR UPDATE ON main_table
FOR EACH ROW WHEN (OLD.a <> NEW.a)
EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('error_ins_old');
CREATE TRIGGER error_del_when BEFORE DELETE OR UPDATE ON main_table
FOR EACH ROW WHEN (OLD.a <> NEW.a)
EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('error_del_new');
CREATE TRIGGER error_del_when BEFORE INSERT OR UPDATE ON main_table
FOR EACH ROW WHEN (NEW.tableoid <> 0)
EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('error_when_sys_column');
CREATE TRIGGER error_stmt_when BEFORE UPDATE OF a ON main_table
FOR EACH STATEMENT WHEN (OLD.* IS DISTINCT FROM NEW.*)
EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('error_stmt_when');

-- check dependency restrictions
ALTER TABLE main_table DROP COLUMN b;
-- this should succeed, but we'll roll it back to keep the triggers around
begin;
DROP TRIGGER after_upd_a_b_row_trig ON main_table;
DROP TRIGGER after_upd_b_row_trig ON main_table;
DROP TRIGGER after_upd_b_stmt_trig ON main_table;
ALTER TABLE main_table DROP COLUMN b;
rollback;

-- Test enable/disable triggers

create table trigtest (i serial primary key);
-- test that disabling RI triggers works
create table trigtest2 (i int references trigtest(i) on delete cascade);

create function trigtest() returns trigger as $$
begin
	raise notice '% % % %', TG_RELNAME, TG_OP, TG_WHEN, TG_LEVEL;
	return new;
end;$$ language plpgsql;

create trigger trigtest_b_row_tg before insert or update or delete on trigtest
for each row execute procedure trigtest();
create trigger trigtest_a_row_tg after insert or update or delete on trigtest
for each row execute procedure trigtest();
create trigger trigtest_b_stmt_tg before insert or update or delete on trigtest
for each statement execute procedure trigtest();
create trigger trigtest_a_stmt_tg after insert or update or delete on trigtest
for each statement execute procedure trigtest();

insert into trigtest default values;
alter table trigtest disable trigger trigtest_b_row_tg;
insert into trigtest default values;
alter table trigtest disable trigger user;
insert into trigtest default values;
alter table trigtest enable trigger trigtest_a_stmt_tg;
insert into trigtest default values;
insert into trigtest2 values(1);
insert into trigtest2 values(2);
delete from trigtest where i=2;
select * from trigtest2;
alter table trigtest disable trigger all;
delete from trigtest where i=1;
select * from trigtest2;
-- ensure we still insert, even when all triggers are disabled
insert into trigtest default values;
select *  from trigtest;
drop table trigtest2;
drop table trigtest;


-- dump trigger data
CREATE TABLE trigger_test (
        i int,
        v varchar
);

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION trigger_data()  RETURNS trigger
LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$

declare

	argstr text;
	relid text;

begin

	relid := TG_relid::regclass;

	-- plpgsql can't discover its trigger data in a hash like perl and python
	-- can, or by a sort of reflection like tcl can,
	-- so we have to hard code the names.
	raise NOTICE 'TG_NAME: %', TG_name;
	raise NOTICE 'TG_WHEN: %', TG_when;
	raise NOTICE 'TG_LEVEL: %', TG_level;
	raise NOTICE 'TG_OP: %', TG_op;
	raise NOTICE 'TG_RELID::regclass: %', relid;
	raise NOTICE 'TG_RELNAME: %', TG_relname;
	raise NOTICE 'TG_TABLE_NAME: %', TG_table_name;
	raise NOTICE 'TG_TABLE_SCHEMA: %', TG_table_schema;
	raise NOTICE 'TG_NARGS: %', TG_nargs;

	argstr := '[';
	for i in 0 .. TG_nargs - 1 loop
		if i > 0 then
			argstr := argstr || ', ';
		end if;
		argstr := argstr || TG_argv[i];
	end loop;
	argstr := argstr || ']';
	raise NOTICE 'TG_ARGV: %', argstr;

	if TG_OP != 'INSERT' then
		raise NOTICE 'OLD: %', OLD;
	end if;

	if TG_OP != 'DELETE' then
		raise NOTICE 'NEW: %', NEW;
	end if;

	if TG_OP = 'DELETE' then
		return OLD;
	else
		return NEW;
	end if;

end;
$$;

CREATE TRIGGER show_trigger_data_trig
BEFORE INSERT OR UPDATE OR DELETE ON trigger_test
FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_data(23,'skidoo');

insert into trigger_test values(1,'insert');
update trigger_test set v = 'update' where i = 1;
delete from trigger_test;

DROP TRIGGER show_trigger_data_trig on trigger_test;

DROP FUNCTION trigger_data();

DROP TABLE trigger_test;

--
-- Test use of row comparisons on OLD/NEW
--

CREATE TABLE trigger_test (f1 int, f2 text, f3 text);

-- this is the obvious (and wrong...) way to compare rows
CREATE FUNCTION mytrigger() RETURNS trigger LANGUAGE plpgsql as $$
begin
	if row(old.*) = row(new.*) then
		raise notice 'row % not changed', new.f1;
	else
		raise notice 'row % changed', new.f1;
	end if;
	return new;
end$$;

CREATE TRIGGER t
BEFORE UPDATE ON trigger_test
FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE mytrigger();

INSERT INTO trigger_test VALUES(1, 'foo', 'bar');
INSERT INTO trigger_test VALUES(2, 'baz', 'quux');

UPDATE trigger_test SET f3 = 'bar';
UPDATE trigger_test SET f3 = NULL;
-- this demonstrates that the above isn't really working as desired:
UPDATE trigger_test SET f3 = NULL;

-- the right way when considering nulls is
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION mytrigger() RETURNS trigger LANGUAGE plpgsql as $$
begin
	if row(old.*) is distinct from row(new.*) then
		raise notice 'row % changed', new.f1;
	else
		raise notice 'row % not changed', new.f1;
	end if;
	return new;
end$$;

UPDATE trigger_test SET f3 = 'bar';
UPDATE trigger_test SET f3 = NULL;
UPDATE trigger_test SET f3 = NULL;

DROP TABLE trigger_test;

DROP FUNCTION mytrigger();

-- Test snapshot management in serializable transactions involving triggers
-- per bug report in 6bc73d4c0910042358k3d1adff3qa36f8df75198ecea@mail.gmail.com
CREATE FUNCTION serializable_update_trig() RETURNS trigger LANGUAGE plpgsql AS
$$
declare
	rec record;
begin
	new.description = 'updated in trigger';
	return new;
end;
$$;

CREATE TABLE serializable_update_tab (
	id int,
	filler  text,
	description text
);

CREATE TRIGGER serializable_update_trig BEFORE UPDATE ON serializable_update_tab
	FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE serializable_update_trig();

INSERT INTO serializable_update_tab SELECT a, repeat('xyzxz', 100), 'new'
	FROM generate_series(1, 50) a;

BEGIN;
SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL SERIALIZABLE;
UPDATE serializable_update_tab SET description = 'no no', id = 1 WHERE id = 1;
COMMIT;
SELECT description FROM serializable_update_tab WHERE id = 1;
DROP TABLE serializable_update_tab;

-- minimal update trigger

CREATE TABLE min_updates_test (
	f1	text,
	f2 int,
	f3 int);

CREATE TABLE min_updates_test_oids (
	f1	text,
	f2 int,
	f3 int) WITH OIDS;

INSERT INTO min_updates_test VALUES ('a',1,2),('b','2',null);

INSERT INTO min_updates_test_oids VALUES ('a',1,2),('b','2',null);

CREATE TRIGGER z_min_update
BEFORE UPDATE ON min_updates_test
FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE suppress_redundant_updates_trigger();

CREATE TRIGGER z_min_update
BEFORE UPDATE ON min_updates_test_oids
FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE suppress_redundant_updates_trigger();

\set QUIET false

UPDATE min_updates_test SET f1 = f1;

UPDATE min_updates_test SET f2 = f2 + 1;

UPDATE min_updates_test SET f3 = 2 WHERE f3 is null;

UPDATE min_updates_test_oids SET f1 = f1;

UPDATE min_updates_test_oids SET f2 = f2 + 1;

UPDATE min_updates_test_oids SET f3 = 2 WHERE f3 is null;

\set QUIET true

SELECT * FROM min_updates_test;

SELECT * FROM min_updates_test_oids;

DROP TABLE min_updates_test;

DROP TABLE min_updates_test_oids;

--
-- Test triggers on views
--

CREATE VIEW main_view AS SELECT a, b FROM main_table;

-- VIEW trigger function
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION view_trigger() RETURNS trigger
LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$
declare
    argstr text := '';
begin
    for i in 0 .. TG_nargs - 1 loop
        if i > 0 then
            argstr := argstr || ', ';
        end if;
        argstr := argstr || TG_argv[i];
    end loop;

    raise notice '% % % % (%)', TG_RELNAME, TG_WHEN, TG_OP, TG_LEVEL, argstr;

    if TG_LEVEL = 'ROW' then
        if TG_OP = 'INSERT' then
            raise NOTICE 'NEW: %', NEW;
            INSERT INTO main_table VALUES (NEW.a, NEW.b);
            RETURN NEW;
        end if;

        if TG_OP = 'UPDATE' then
            raise NOTICE 'OLD: %, NEW: %', OLD, NEW;
            UPDATE main_table SET a = NEW.a, b = NEW.b WHERE a = OLD.a AND b = OLD.b;
            if NOT FOUND then RETURN NULL; end if;
            RETURN NEW;
        end if;

        if TG_OP = 'DELETE' then
            raise NOTICE 'OLD: %', OLD;
            DELETE FROM main_table WHERE a = OLD.a AND b = OLD.b;
            if NOT FOUND then RETURN NULL; end if;
            RETURN OLD;
        end if;
    end if;

    RETURN NULL;
end;
$$;

-- Before row triggers aren't allowed on views
CREATE TRIGGER invalid_trig BEFORE INSERT ON main_view
FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('before_ins_row');

CREATE TRIGGER invalid_trig BEFORE UPDATE ON main_view
FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('before_upd_row');

CREATE TRIGGER invalid_trig BEFORE DELETE ON main_view
FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('before_del_row');

-- After row triggers aren't allowed on views
CREATE TRIGGER invalid_trig AFTER INSERT ON main_view
FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('before_ins_row');

CREATE TRIGGER invalid_trig AFTER UPDATE ON main_view
FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('before_upd_row');

CREATE TRIGGER invalid_trig AFTER DELETE ON main_view
FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('before_del_row');

-- Truncate triggers aren't allowed on views
CREATE TRIGGER invalid_trig BEFORE TRUNCATE ON main_view
EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('before_tru_row');

CREATE TRIGGER invalid_trig AFTER TRUNCATE ON main_view
EXECUTE PROCEDURE trigger_func('before_tru_row');

-- INSTEAD OF triggers aren't allowed on tables
CREATE TRIGGER invalid_trig INSTEAD OF INSERT ON main_table
FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('instead_of_ins');

CREATE TRIGGER invalid_trig INSTEAD OF UPDATE ON main_table
FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('instead_of_upd');

CREATE TRIGGER invalid_trig INSTEAD OF DELETE ON main_table
FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('instead_of_del');

-- Don't support WHEN clauses with INSTEAD OF triggers
CREATE TRIGGER invalid_trig INSTEAD OF UPDATE ON main_view
FOR EACH ROW WHEN (OLD.a <> NEW.a) EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('instead_of_upd');

-- Don't support column-level INSTEAD OF triggers
CREATE TRIGGER invalid_trig INSTEAD OF UPDATE OF a ON main_view
FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('instead_of_upd');

-- Don't support statement-level INSTEAD OF triggers
CREATE TRIGGER invalid_trig INSTEAD OF UPDATE ON main_view
EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('instead_of_upd');

-- Valid INSTEAD OF triggers
CREATE TRIGGER instead_of_insert_trig INSTEAD OF INSERT ON main_view
FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('instead_of_ins');

CREATE TRIGGER instead_of_update_trig INSTEAD OF UPDATE ON main_view
FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('instead_of_upd');

CREATE TRIGGER instead_of_delete_trig INSTEAD OF DELETE ON main_view
FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('instead_of_del');

-- Valid BEFORE statement VIEW triggers
CREATE TRIGGER before_ins_stmt_trig BEFORE INSERT ON main_view
FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('before_view_ins_stmt');

CREATE TRIGGER before_upd_stmt_trig BEFORE UPDATE ON main_view
FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('before_view_upd_stmt');

CREATE TRIGGER before_del_stmt_trig BEFORE DELETE ON main_view
FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('before_view_del_stmt');

-- Valid AFTER statement VIEW triggers
CREATE TRIGGER after_ins_stmt_trig AFTER INSERT ON main_view
FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('after_view_ins_stmt');

CREATE TRIGGER after_upd_stmt_trig AFTER UPDATE ON main_view
FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('after_view_upd_stmt');

CREATE TRIGGER after_del_stmt_trig AFTER DELETE ON main_view
FOR EACH STATEMENT EXECUTE PROCEDURE view_trigger('after_view_del_stmt');

\set QUIET false

-- Insert into view using trigger
INSERT INTO main_view VALUES (20, 30);
INSERT INTO main_view VALUES (21, 31) RETURNING a, b;

-- Table trigger will prevent updates
UPDATE main_view SET b = 31 WHERE a = 20;
UPDATE main_view SET b = 32 WHERE a = 21 AND b = 31 RETURNING a, b;

-- Remove table trigger to allow updates
DROP TRIGGER before_upd_a_row_trig ON main_table;
UPDATE main_view SET b = 31 WHERE a = 20;
UPDATE main_view SET b = 32 WHERE a = 21 AND b = 31 RETURNING a, b;

-- Before and after stmt triggers should fire even when no rows are affected
UPDATE main_view SET b = 0 WHERE false;

-- Delete from view using trigger
DELETE FROM main_view WHERE a IN (20,21);
DELETE FROM main_view WHERE a = 31 RETURNING a, b;

\set QUIET true

-- Describe view should list triggers
\d main_view

-- Test dropping view triggers
DROP TRIGGER instead_of_insert_trig ON main_view;
DROP TRIGGER instead_of_delete_trig ON main_view;
\d+ main_view
DROP VIEW main_view;

--
-- Test triggers on a join view
--
CREATE TABLE country_table (
    country_id        serial primary key,
    country_name    text unique not null,
    continent        text not null
);

INSERT INTO country_table (country_name, continent)
    VALUES ('Japan', 'Asia'),
           ('UK', 'Europe'),
           ('USA', 'North America')
    RETURNING *;

CREATE TABLE city_table (
    city_id        serial primary key,
    city_name    text not null,
    population    bigint,
    country_id    int references country_table
);

CREATE VIEW city_view AS
    SELECT city_id, city_name, population, country_name, continent
    FROM city_table ci
    LEFT JOIN country_table co ON co.country_id = ci.country_id;

CREATE FUNCTION city_insert() RETURNS trigger LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$
declare
    ctry_id int;
begin
    if NEW.country_name IS NOT NULL then
        SELECT country_id, continent INTO ctry_id, NEW.continent
            FROM country_table WHERE country_name = NEW.country_name;
        if NOT FOUND then
            raise exception 'No such country: "%"', NEW.country_name;
        end if;
    else
        NEW.continent := NULL;
    end if;

    if NEW.city_id IS NOT NULL then
        INSERT INTO city_table
            VALUES(NEW.city_id, NEW.city_name, NEW.population, ctry_id);
    else
        INSERT INTO city_table(city_name, population, country_id)
            VALUES(NEW.city_name, NEW.population, ctry_id)
            RETURNING city_id INTO NEW.city_id;
    end if;

    RETURN NEW;
end;
$$;

CREATE TRIGGER city_insert_trig INSTEAD OF INSERT ON city_view
FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE city_insert();

CREATE FUNCTION city_delete() RETURNS trigger LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$
begin
    DELETE FROM city_table WHERE city_id = OLD.city_id;
    if NOT FOUND then RETURN NULL; end if;
    RETURN OLD;
end;
$$;

CREATE TRIGGER city_delete_trig INSTEAD OF DELETE ON city_view
FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE city_delete();

CREATE FUNCTION city_update() RETURNS trigger LANGUAGE plpgsql AS $$
declare
    ctry_id int;
begin
    if NEW.country_name IS DISTINCT FROM OLD.country_name then
        SELECT country_id, continent INTO ctry_id, NEW.continent
            FROM country_table WHERE country_name = NEW.country_name;
        if NOT FOUND then
            raise exception 'No such country: "%"', NEW.country_name;
        end if;

        UPDATE city_table SET city_name = NEW.city_name,
                              population = NEW.population,
                              country_id = ctry_id
            WHERE city_id = OLD.city_id;
    else
        UPDATE city_table SET city_name = NEW.city_name,
                              population = NEW.population
            WHERE city_id = OLD.city_id;
        NEW.continent := OLD.continent;
    end if;

    if NOT FOUND then RETURN NULL; end if;
    RETURN NEW;
end;
$$;

CREATE TRIGGER city_update_trig INSTEAD OF UPDATE ON city_view
FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE city_update();

\set QUIET false

-- INSERT .. RETURNING
INSERT INTO city_view(city_name) VALUES('Tokyo') RETURNING *;
INSERT INTO city_view(city_name, population) VALUES('London', 7556900) RETURNING *;
INSERT INTO city_view(city_name, country_name) VALUES('Washington DC', 'USA') RETURNING *;
INSERT INTO city_view(city_id, city_name) VALUES(123456, 'New York') RETURNING *;
INSERT INTO city_view VALUES(234567, 'Birmingham', 1016800, 'UK', 'EU') RETURNING *;

-- UPDATE .. RETURNING
UPDATE city_view SET country_name = 'Japon' WHERE city_name = 'Tokyo'; -- error
UPDATE city_view SET country_name = 'Japan' WHERE city_name = 'Takyo'; -- no match
UPDATE city_view SET country_name = 'Japan' WHERE city_name = 'Tokyo' RETURNING *; -- OK

UPDATE city_view SET population = 13010279 WHERE city_name = 'Tokyo' RETURNING *;
UPDATE city_view SET country_name = 'UK' WHERE city_name = 'New York' RETURNING *;
UPDATE city_view SET country_name = 'USA', population = 8391881 WHERE city_name = 'New York' RETURNING *;
UPDATE city_view SET continent = 'EU' WHERE continent = 'Europe' RETURNING *;
UPDATE city_view v1 SET country_name = v2.country_name FROM city_view v2
    WHERE v2.city_name = 'Birmingham' AND v1.city_name = 'London' RETURNING *;

-- DELETE .. RETURNING
DELETE FROM city_view WHERE city_name = 'Birmingham' RETURNING *;

\set QUIET true

-- read-only view with WHERE clause
CREATE VIEW european_city_view AS
    SELECT * FROM city_view WHERE continent = 'Europe';
SELECT count(*) FROM european_city_view;

CREATE FUNCTION no_op_trig_fn() RETURNS trigger LANGUAGE plpgsql
AS 'begin RETURN NULL; end';

CREATE TRIGGER no_op_trig INSTEAD OF INSERT OR UPDATE OR DELETE
ON european_city_view FOR EACH ROW EXECUTE PROCEDURE no_op_trig_fn();

\set QUIET false

INSERT INTO european_city_view VALUES (0, 'x', 10000, 'y', 'z');
UPDATE european_city_view SET population = 10000;
DELETE FROM european_city_view;

\set QUIET true

-- rules bypassing no-op triggers
CREATE RULE european_city_insert_rule AS ON INSERT TO european_city_view
DO INSTEAD INSERT INTO city_view
VALUES (NEW.city_id, NEW.city_name, NEW.population, NEW.country_name, NEW.continent)
RETURNING *;

CREATE RULE european_city_update_rule AS ON UPDATE TO european_city_view
DO INSTEAD UPDATE city_view SET
    city_name = NEW.city_name,
    population = NEW.population,
    country_name = NEW.country_name
WHERE city_id = OLD.city_id
RETURNING NEW.*;

CREATE RULE european_city_delete_rule AS ON DELETE TO european_city_view
DO INSTEAD DELETE FROM city_view WHERE city_id = OLD.city_id RETURNING *;

\set QUIET false

-- INSERT not limited by view's WHERE clause, but UPDATE AND DELETE are
INSERT INTO european_city_view(city_name, country_name)
    VALUES ('Cambridge', 'USA') RETURNING *;
UPDATE european_city_view SET country_name = 'UK'
    WHERE city_name = 'Cambridge';
DELETE FROM european_city_view WHERE city_name = 'Cambridge';

-- UPDATE and DELETE via rule and trigger
UPDATE city_view SET country_name = 'UK'
    WHERE city_name = 'Cambridge' RETURNING *;
UPDATE european_city_view SET population = 122800
    WHERE city_name = 'Cambridge' RETURNING *;
DELETE FROM european_city_view WHERE city_name = 'Cambridge' RETURNING *;

-- join UPDATE test
UPDATE city_view v SET population = 599657
    FROM city_table ci, country_table co
    WHERE ci.city_name = 'Washington DC' and co.country_name = 'USA'
    AND v.city_id = ci.city_id AND v.country_name = co.country_name
    RETURNING co.country_id, v.country_name,
              v.city_id, v.city_name, v.population;

\set QUIET true

SELECT * FROM city_view;

DROP TABLE city_table CASCADE;
DROP TABLE country_table;


-- Test pg_trigger_depth()

create table depth_a (id int not null primary key);
create table depth_b (id int not null primary key);
create table depth_c (id int not null primary key);

create function depth_a_tf() returns trigger
  language plpgsql as $$
begin
  raise notice '%: depth = %', tg_name, pg_trigger_depth();
  insert into depth_b values (new.id);
  raise notice '%: depth = %', tg_name, pg_trigger_depth();
  return new;
end;
$$;
create trigger depth_a_tr before insert on depth_a
  for each row execute procedure depth_a_tf();

create function depth_b_tf() returns trigger
  language plpgsql as $$
begin
  raise notice '%: depth = %', tg_name, pg_trigger_depth();
  begin
    execute 'insert into depth_c values (' || new.id::text || ')';
  exception
    when sqlstate 'U9999' then
      raise notice 'SQLSTATE = U9999: depth = %', pg_trigger_depth();
  end;
  raise notice '%: depth = %', tg_name, pg_trigger_depth();
  if new.id = 1 then
    execute 'insert into depth_c values (' || new.id::text || ')';
  end if;
  return new;
end;
$$;
create trigger depth_b_tr before insert on depth_b
  for each row execute procedure depth_b_tf();

create function depth_c_tf() returns trigger
  language plpgsql as $$
begin
  raise notice '%: depth = %', tg_name, pg_trigger_depth();
  if new.id = 1 then
    raise exception sqlstate 'U9999';
  end if;
  raise notice '%: depth = %', tg_name, pg_trigger_depth();
  return new;
end;
$$;
create trigger depth_c_tr before insert on depth_c
  for each row execute procedure depth_c_tf();

select pg_trigger_depth();
insert into depth_a values (1);
select pg_trigger_depth();
insert into depth_a values (2);
select pg_trigger_depth();

drop table depth_a, depth_b, depth_c;
drop function depth_a_tf();
drop function depth_b_tf();
drop function depth_c_tf();

--
-- Test updates to rows during firing of BEFORE ROW triggers.
-- As of 9.2, such cases should be rejected (see bug #6123).
--

create temp table parent (
    aid int not null primary key,
    val1 text,
    val2 text,
    val3 text,
    val4 text,
    bcnt int not null default 0);
create temp table child (
    bid int not null primary key,
    aid int not null,
    val1 text);

create function parent_upd_func()
  returns trigger language plpgsql as
$$
begin
  if old.val1 <> new.val1 then
    new.val2 = new.val1;
    delete from child where child.aid = new.aid and child.val1 = new.val1;
  end if;
  return new;
end;
$$;
create trigger parent_upd_trig before update on parent
  for each row execute procedure parent_upd_func();

create function parent_del_func()
  returns trigger language plpgsql as
$$
begin
  delete from child where aid = old.aid;
  return old;
end;
$$;
create trigger parent_del_trig before delete on parent
  for each row execute procedure parent_del_func();

create function child_ins_func()
  returns trigger language plpgsql as
$$
begin
  update parent set bcnt = bcnt + 1 where aid = new.aid;
  return new;
end;
$$;
create trigger child_ins_trig after insert on child
  for each row execute procedure child_ins_func();

create function child_del_func()
  returns trigger language plpgsql as
$$
begin
  update parent set bcnt = bcnt - 1 where aid = old.aid;
  return old;
end;
$$;
create trigger child_del_trig after delete on child
  for each row execute procedure child_del_func();

insert into parent values (1, 'a', 'a', 'a', 'a', 0);
insert into child values (10, 1, 'b');
select * from parent; select * from child;

update parent set val1 = 'b' where aid = 1; -- should fail
select * from parent; select * from child;

delete from parent where aid = 1; -- should fail
select * from parent; select * from child;

-- replace the trigger function with one that restarts the deletion after
-- having modified a child
create or replace function parent_del_func()
  returns trigger language plpgsql as
$$
begin
  delete from child where aid = old.aid;
  if found then
    delete from parent where aid = old.aid;
    return null; -- cancel outer deletion
  end if;
  return old;
end;
$$;

delete from parent where aid = 1;
select * from parent; select * from child;

drop table parent, child;

drop function parent_upd_func();
drop function parent_del_func();
drop function child_ins_func();
drop function child_del_func();

-- similar case, but with a self-referencing FK so that parent and child
-- rows can be affected by a single operation

create temp table self_ref_trigger (
    id int primary key,
    parent int references self_ref_trigger,
    data text,
    nchildren int not null default 0
);

create function self_ref_trigger_ins_func()
  returns trigger language plpgsql as
$$
begin
  if new.parent is not null then
    update self_ref_trigger set nchildren = nchildren + 1
      where id = new.parent;
  end if;
  return new;
end;
$$;
create trigger self_ref_trigger_ins_trig before insert on self_ref_trigger
  for each row execute procedure self_ref_trigger_ins_func();

create function self_ref_trigger_del_func()
  returns trigger language plpgsql as
$$
begin
  if old.parent is not null then
    update self_ref_trigger set nchildren = nchildren - 1
      where id = old.parent;
  end if;
  return old;
end;
$$;
create trigger self_ref_trigger_del_trig before delete on self_ref_trigger
  for each row execute procedure self_ref_trigger_del_func();

insert into self_ref_trigger values (1, null, 'root');
insert into self_ref_trigger values (2, 1, 'root child A');
insert into self_ref_trigger values (3, 1, 'root child B');
insert into self_ref_trigger values (4, 2, 'grandchild 1');
insert into self_ref_trigger values (5, 3, 'grandchild 2');

update self_ref_trigger set data = 'root!' where id = 1;

select * from self_ref_trigger;

delete from self_ref_trigger;

select * from self_ref_trigger;

drop table self_ref_trigger;
drop function self_ref_trigger_ins_func();
drop function self_ref_trigger_del_func();

--
-- Verify behavior of before and after triggers with INSERT...ON CONFLICT
-- DO UPDATE
--
create table upsert (key int4 primary key, color text);

create function upsert_before_func()
  returns trigger language plpgsql as
$$
begin
  if (TG_OP = 'UPDATE') then
    raise warning 'before update (old): %', old.*::text;
    raise warning 'before update (new): %', new.*::text;
  elsif (TG_OP = 'INSERT') then
    raise warning 'before insert (new): %', new.*::text;
    if new.key % 2 = 0 then
      new.key := new.key + 1;
      new.color := new.color || ' trig modified';
      raise warning 'before insert (new, modified): %', new.*::text;
    end if;
  end if;
  return new;
end;
$$;
create trigger upsert_before_trig before insert or update on upsert
  for each row execute procedure upsert_before_func();

create function upsert_after_func()
  returns trigger language plpgsql as
$$
begin
  if (TG_OP = 'UPDATE') then
    raise warning 'after update (old): %', old.*::text;
    raise warning 'after update (new): %', new.*::text;
  elsif (TG_OP = 'INSERT') then
    raise warning 'after insert (new): %', new.*::text;
  end if;
  return null;
end;
$$;
create trigger upsert_after_trig after insert or update on upsert
  for each row execute procedure upsert_after_func();

insert into upsert values(1, 'black') on conflict (key) do update set color = 'updated ' || upsert.color;
insert into upsert values(2, 'red') on conflict (key) do update set color = 'updated ' || upsert.color;
insert into upsert values(3, 'orange') on conflict (key) do update set color = 'updated ' || upsert.color;
insert into upsert values(4, 'green') on conflict (key) do update set color = 'updated ' || upsert.color;
insert into upsert values(5, 'purple') on conflict (key) do update set color = 'updated ' || upsert.color;
insert into upsert values(6, 'white') on conflict (key) do update set color = 'updated ' || upsert.color;
insert into upsert values(7, 'pink') on conflict (key) do update set color = 'updated ' || upsert.color;
insert into upsert values(8, 'yellow') on conflict (key) do update set color = 'updated ' || upsert.color;

select * from upsert;

drop table upsert;
drop function upsert_before_func();
drop function upsert_after_func();
